Insights from a Chronology of the Development of Atmospheric Composition Monitoring Networks Since the 1800s
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ground-based monitoring networks for evaluating atmospheric composition relevant to impacts on human health and the environment now exist worldwide (according to the United Nations Environment Programme, 48% of countries have an air quality monitoring system). Of course, this has not always been the case. Here, we analyse for the first time the key developments in network coordination and standardisation over the last 150 years that underpin the current implementations of city-scale to global monitoring networks for atmospheric composition. Examples include improvements in respect of site type and site representativeness, measurement methods, quality assurance, and data archiving. From the 1950s, these developments have progressed through two distinct types of network: those designed for the protection of human health, and those designed to increase scientific understanding of atmospheric composition and its interaction with the terrestrial environment. The step changes in network coordination and standardisation have increased confidence in the comparability of measurements made at different sites. Acknowledged limitations in the current state of monitoring networks include a sole focus on compliance monitoring. In the context of the unprecedented volumes of atmospheric composition data now being collected, we suggest the next developments in network standardisation should include more integrated analyses of monitor and other relevant data within “chemical climatology” frameworks that seek to more directly link the impacts, state and drivers of atmospheric composition. These approaches would also enhance the role of monitoring networks in the development and evaluation of air pollution mitigation strategies.
منابع مشابه
Accuracy comparison of Elamn and Jordan artificial neural networks for air particular matter concentration (PM 10) prediction using MODIS satellite images, a case study of Ahvaz.
Due to the complexity of air pollution action, artificial intelligence models specifically, neural networks are utilized to simulate air pollution. So far, numerous artificial neural network models have been used to estimate the concentration of atmospheric PMs. These models have had different accuracies that scholars are constantly exceed their efficiency using numerous parameters. The current...
متن کاملDevelopment of Chalcolithic Phases in Gilund through Ceramic Chronology
This paper deals with pottery assemblage from the chalcolithic phase of the site of Gilund in Rajsamand district ofRajasthan. Though pottery from this site has been studied earlier (Shinde et al 2002), however there was no literatureavailable on the ceramic chronology of Gilund with layers ascertained to it. This paper tries to build up a ceramicchronology in the site in order to indentify diff...
متن کاملCrop Land Change Monitoring Based on Deep Learning Algorithm Using Multi-temporal Hyperspectral Images
Change detection is done with the purpose of analyzing two or more images of a region that has been obtained at different times which is Generally one of the most important applications of satellite imagery is urban development, environmental inspection, agricultural monitoring, hazard assessment, and natural disaster. The purpose of using deep learning algorithms, in particular, convolutional ...
متن کاملKnowledge Extraction from the Neural ‘Black Box’ in Ecological Monitoring
Phytoplankton biomass within the Saginaw Bay ecosystem (Lake Huron, Michigan, USA) was characterized as a function of select physical/chemical indicators. The complexity and variability of ecological systems typically make it difficult to model the influences of anthropogenic stressors and/or natural disturbances. Here, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were developed to model chlorophyll a con...
متن کاملAdditional Insights Into Problem Definition and Positioning From Social Science; Comment on “Four Challenges That Global Health Networks Face”
Commenting on a recent editorial in this journal which presented four challenges global health networks will have to tackle to be effective, this essay discusses why this type of analysis is important for global health scholars and practitioners, and why it is worth understanding and critically engaging with the complexities behind these challenges. Focusing on the topics of problem definition ...
متن کامل